The Democracy Project

It is often observed that for Mordecai Kaplan (and others) democracy was the religion of America. 
The Kaplan Center appreciates our grant from the Jewish Partnership for Democracy: A More Perfect Union. This grant allowed us to embark on a “religious” journey from February through October 2024. Each month we selected a passage from Mordecai Kaplan or one of his students and collaborators.

FEBRUARY 2024

This month features Rabbi Manny Goldsmith, zichrono l’veracha.

For Kaplan, the idea underlying democracy is that the interests uniting human beings, if they become truly aware of those interests, are strong enough to ward off the divisive influence of people’s differences. The crucial problem of freedom is how to guard our individuality and the capacity to think for ourselves and yet cooperate with those whose backgrounds, upbringings and outlooks are different from our own. This is an art, said Kaplan, that human beings are slow to learn. Democracy should be conceived as a process of social experimentation by which people are seeking to learn that art and to apply, step by step, the wisdom acquired as a result of such experimentation. That is why the art of free, voluntary cooperation, the ultimate objective of democracy, must constantly be cultivated.

-Rabbi Manny Goldsmith, Reconstructionism Today, Spring 2003

VOTE

  • In your own life, how do you balance authenticity and devotion to your beliefs and deeply understand the belief systems of those different than yourself?
  • How do your communities engage in the ongoing “experimentation” of creating balance between these two forces?
  •  Why indeed are we so slow to practice “the art of democracy?  
  • In your own life, when do you practice this “art of democracy” most naturally and fully?

MARCH 2024

This month features Kaplan’s diary entry from Thursday, Dec 24, 1942

The contribution which Judaism has made and should continue to make to democracy and the American way of life is best summarized in the motto enunciated by the prophet Zachariah. [ 4:6 ] “Not by might nor by power but by my Spirit saith the Lord of Hosts,” and to add the supplement of Hillel’s famous summary of Judaism, “the rest is commentary, go and learn.”

The importance of Zachariah’s motto is that it furnishes the key to that inner freedom without which democracy is merely a hollow form.  “Not by might nor by power but by my spirit” sets forth the mental attitude which is a prerequisite to the building of a world on the foundations of peace.  Before we can have democracy in action, we must will it…

VOTE

  • When do you experience democracy in a “hollow form” in our political life?  What accounts for its hollowness?
  • When is democracy “thick and textured” as opposed to hollow?
  •  In 2024, is democracy more “hollow” or more “thick and textured”?  
  • What role does media play in “thickening’ and “hollowing “ our experience of democracy?

APRIL 2024

This month features Kaplan’s diary entry from August 10, 1939 on Facism, Mobocracy, and Democracy

After mentioning the two factors which have contributed to the rise of mobocracy, viz: a) the stupendous machinery of communication which unites millions into a seething sea of human emotion, and b) the failure of democracy to make good its promise of bringing special privilege under control.

 The rulers in a mobocracy know that they can gain control of the masses by instilling in them hate and fears of some common enemy who has to be augmented to gigantic proportions if he is comparatively insignificant and harmless, and who has to be invented if he is non-existent. For their purposes, mankind must be treated as broken up into classes or nations or tribes that are engaged in a mutual life and death struggle. The purpose of propaganda is to fan the flames of hate.

VOTE

  • How do media and “mobocracy” work together to make the challenge even more severe in 2024?
  • What is the difference between acculturation and propaganda?
  • What are the most potent forces in today’s American democracy that can provide unity rather than fragmentation? 
  • DeTocqueville spoke of the “tyrrany of the majority”.  How does this play into our contemporary challenge to democracy?

Dr. Elliot Dorff

Join Dr. Jeffrey Schein in conversation with Dr. Elliot Dorff, author of recently published Ethics at the Center: Jewish Theory and Practice for Living a Moral Life, for reflections on Judaism and Democracy

JUNE 2024

This month features an excerpt from Kaplan’s The Future of the American Jew

On Democracy and Education

What the democratic peoples then lacked and still  lack, is a clear recognition of power as that around the use of which any educational system, that is to help them live, must be built. A democratic system of education should train the young to regard all power which the individual possesses and acquires as misused, unless, it is somehow shared with all mankind. That is to be taken literally, and not merely as a pious wish.

VOTE

  • In what way is the power of democratic learning as much a privilege and responsibility as a right?
  • Progressive education is here being critiqued by Kaplan for not only starting with the individual but stopping with her.  Do you concur?
  •  Kaplan also argued that “peoplehood” goes wrong when democracy and individuality overwhelm?  Do you agree? 
  • To paraphrase another great American, ask not what your skills and passions can do for you but how can they also be put to the uses of Jewish Peoplehood.  Why is this such a hard question to ask?

JULY 2024

This month features an excerpt from Kaplan’s 1945 Siddur: That America Fulfill the Promise of Its Founding, a prayer for Independence Day

May America remain loyal to the principles of the Declaration of Independence, and extend their application to ever-widening areas of life.

Keep out of our life all manner of oppression, persecution, and unjust discrimination; save us from religious, racial and class conflicts; may our country be a haven of refuge to the victims of injustice and misrule.

Instruct us in the art of living together, of reconciling differences of opinion and averting clashes of interest, of helping one another to achieve a harmonious and abundant life. …

May America be ever hospitable to new revelations of truth in science and philosophy, ever sensitive to the appeal of beauty in nature and art, ever responsive to the call of duty and the spirit of religious consecration and worship; And may Americans so love their country that they shall withhold no sacrifice required to safeguard its life and to fulfill its promise.

VOTE

  • This is written as a prayer, and thus had hope attached to it as well as action. Do you feel its context is equally relevant today?
  • In what ways have the American people fulfilled the reflection that Kaplan included?
  • What does harmony and abundance mean in the context of modern democracy? 
  • Are you in agreement that progress towards the ideal fulfillment of the American dream includes philosophy? Art? Religion?
  • How might you reword this last sentence in the era of the internet, or is it still relevant as it stands?

AUGUST 2024

This month features an excerpt from Kaplan’s The New Haggadah For the Pesach Seder

For our forefathers, Pharoah was the symbol of all those tyrants who ever acted as though they were gods, and whose will had to be obeyed without question, on penalty of torture or death. And that is why Pesach means more than that first emancipation the Israelites won from Pharaoh when they left Egypt. It means the emancipation the serfs in the Middle Ages won from their overlords; the freedom the slaves won from their masters; the freedom the common people of countries won, when their kings were overthrown; it means the guarantee of the sacred rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The first emancipation was thus only a foreshadowing of all the emancipations that were to follow, and which will yet follow in the days to come.

VOTE

  • How do you see democracy linked to emancipation from tyranny?
  • Is the use of biblical text and ideology useful to you and others as metaphoric in your understanding of current events?
  • What tyrannies are inhabiting your life currently? How might you work towards emancipation from them? 
  • Kaplan implies a sequential and continual change for the better – do you think he was right? What are the next set of emancipations you envisage being needed? Likely? Does what you think is needed coincide with that you imagine will happen next?

SEPTEMBER 2024

This month features an excerpt from Kaplan’s “Salvation through Labor,” a prayer for the Sabbath before Labor Day, adapted from the writings of A.D. Gordon (1945).

In the day that is to come, you will be given, O man, a new spirit, and be stirred by new feelings, by a new hunger, not a hunger for bread nor a thirst for riches, but a hunger and thirst for work.

And you will take pleasure in all the work that you do.

You will give heed to do all your work as part of Nature, as part of the work of the universe and its expansiveness.

And when you pause for a moment to straighten your back, and to take a deep breath, it is not only air that you will inhale; you will breathe in also a subtle something that will fructify your feeling and thinking, and add life and light to your spirit.

You will have moments when your whole being seems to dissolve into the Infinite.

VOTE

  • How do you envision the connection between work and change?
  • What are the many ways in which we can understand work?  How do you feel about the idea Kaplan fosters that engaging in labor is a way of engaging with the Divine? Does this change any dissatisfaction you might have with the ongoing struggle to create justice for all within our current democracy?
  • Does democracy by definition require continuous change?  What about our political structure do you think creates a continuous move away from stasis? Is this a good thing? 
  • How might you use Kaplan’s words as inspiration for yourself, your workplace, your communities?

OCTOBER 2024

“The role of American Jewry in relation to Eretz Israel is similar to the role of the American home front in relation to the battle front during the recent world war. Were it not for the backing of the home front, or for the fact that America proved to be the ‘arsenal of democracy,’ the most clever strategy and the most arduous valor on the battle line would have been of no avail. Similarly, American Jewry will for a long time have to give moral, political, and economic support to the Eretz Israel enterprise, which is the deciding factor in Israel’s struggle for survival in the modern world.”

VOTE

  • Do you think Kaplan’s words are still true today or has Israel transcended the absolute reliance on the American Jewish community?
  • What ways can we and do you give moral support to Israel? Has this changed in the past year as the war continues?
  • What are the moral values involved in giving political support to Israel? Do you feel our government is acting in line with them?
  • How might you prioritize the many needs for economic support? Do we include rebuilding in Palestine as one of those needs essential to the well-being of the State of Israel? How best to choose where we as individuals send our money to provide the most and most just assistance to the citizens of Israel?